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[German version] (Κυτατταρῖνοι; Kytattarĩnoi). Community in the interior of Sicily; not located. Along with the Petrini and the Scherini the koinón of the C. paid a tax in wheat and barley to the synoikismós of  Entella [1. 264f. no. 208: 5th decree, l. 20]. In 254 BC the C. joined the Roman side in the 1st Punic War (Ἠνατταρῖνοι, Diod. Sic. 23,18,5). Ruined by Verres ( Cetarini, Cic. Verr. 2,3,103). Cf. [2]. Manganaro, Giacomo (Sant' Agata li Battiata) Bibliography 1 L. Dubois, Inscriptions grecques dialectales de Sicile, 1989 2 G. Bejor, Città di Sicilia nei decreti di Entella…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Sicily | Christianity | | Etrusci, Etruria | Italy, languages | Colonization | Punic Wars | Punic Wars (Ἀκράγας; Akrágas, Latin Agragantum/Agrigentum, in the Middle Ages Girgenti). River and town (modern Agrigento) on the south-west coast of  Sicily, 4 km inland on a steep rocky hill, which rises from 50 m in the south to 328 m in the north and 351 m in the north-east, encircled by the rivers  Hypsas in the west and A. (S. Biagio) in the east, which join south of…

[German version] An archipelago between Lilybaeum and Carthage (modern Favignana and Levanza). In 250 BC the Carthaginian fleet anchored here when called to aid by Lilybaeum (Pol. 1,44,2). In 241 BC the naval battle between C. Lutatius Catulus and Hanno (Pol. 1,60,4ff.), which decided the First Punic War, took place within sight of Favignana [1. 248f.]. Manganaro, Giacomo (Sant' Agata li Battiata) Bibliography 1 Huss. R. J. A. Wilson, Sicily under the Roman Empire, 1990, 228, 393 no. 179 G. Purpura, in: SicA 15/48, 1982, 56f.; 18/57-58, 1985, 59-86 A. M. Fallico, Sicilia: XII. Fa…

[German version] (Ἴχανα; Íchana). Settlement on Sicily, fell under the rule of Syracusae (Steph. Byz. s.v. I.). Evidence: handle of a bronze kerykeion, with the inscription Ιχανινοδαμοσιον; silver hēmílitron (obverse horned head, personification of a river, to its right on some impressions ΣΙΧΑ, on the reverse the bow of a ship with the legend ΝΙΚΑ, datable to the end of the 5th cent. BC; I., therefore, celebrated a naval victory); in a Siculan inscription from Herbessus is ΘΙΚΑΝΑ. Manganaro, Giacomo (Sant' Agata li Battiata) Bibliography G. Manganaro, in: JNG 33, 1984, 31-33 Id., Al…

[German version] River in Sicily along the via Elorina, mentioned by Thucydides (7,80,6; 82,3) in conjunction with the retreat of the Athenians in 413 BC, possibly identical with the Cavallata north of the Assinarus. Manganaro, Giacomo (Sant' Agata li Battiata) Bibliography G. Manganaro, Alla ricerca di poleis mikrai della Sicilia centro-orientale, in: Orbis Terrarum 2, 1996, 139 with fn. 50 L. Robert, Noms indigènes de l'Asie Mineure gréco-romaine, 1963, 37f.

[German version] Fortress of Leontini (eastern Sicily), in 422 BC the scene of disputes between the oligarchs and democrats of Leontini (Thuc. 5,4,4), probably near Colle S. Basilio (Scordia), where remains of walls (5th cent. BC), large silos, hewn into the rock, and an epitaph have been found. The late Byzantine period is documented through graves and a lead blade with a Greek prayer of exorcism. Manganaro, Giacomo (Sant' Agata li Battiata) Bibliography BTCGI s.v. B., G. Manganaro, in: Scritti classici e cristiani offerti a Francesco Corsaro, Università Catania 1994, 461f.

[German version] (Ἀδρανόν/ Adranón, Hadranum). Founded c. 400 BC by Dionysios I near the Siculan sanctuary of Adranus on the western slopes of the volcano Aetna [1] (Diod. 14,37,4) on the Adranus (coins), a tributary of the Symaethus; modern Adrano, ancient remains. Timoleon, in alliance with A., defeated Hicetas near there (Diod. 16,68-69). A. was conquered by the Romans in 263 BC (Diod. 23,4,1); A. was given Ius Latii (Plin. 3,91). Near A. was the Siculan centre of Mendolito with inscriptions (IG XIV 567-572), coins and prehistoric pottery ware (Siculan collect…

[German version] (Εἱρκτή/ Heirktḗ, Pol. 1,56,3; Ἐρκτή/ Erktḗ, Diod. Sic. 22,10,4). Extensive mountain massif hard to access near Panormus, in 278/7 BC captured from the Carthaginians by Pyrrhus, in 248 won back again by them and defended for three years against Roman attacks (Pol. 1,56f.; Diod. Sic. 33,20). It clearly refers to Monte Pellegrino (606 m) north of Palermo. Manganaro, Giacomo (Sant' Agata li Battiata) Bibliography BTCGI 7, 1989, 343.

[German version] (Κακύπαρις; Kakýparis). River in eastern Sicily, rising near Palazzolo Acreide, its mouth 17 km south-west of Syracusae (Thuc. 7,80,5 on the retreat of the Athenians in 413 BC); modern Cassibile. Manganaro, Giacomo (Sant' Agata li Battiata) Bibliography BTCGI 5, 45-53.

[German version] Town of the Siculi, localized by Rizzo [1. 67] near the Sicilian S. Mauro di Caltagirone. Only mentioned by Diodorus twice: in the context of the battle against the Carthaginians alongside  Entella in 334 BC (Diod. Sic. 16,67,3) and in the context of the 312/311 BC revolt against Agathocles (Diod. Sic. 19,104). Archaeological finds: rare silver lítrai, originating from the area north-west of Mineo (cf. [2. 84-87; 3. 36-39]). Manganaro, Giacomo (Sant' Agata li Battiata) Bibliography 1 G. E. Rizzo, Monete greche di Sicilia, 1946 2 K. Jenkins, in: Atti di IV Con…

[German version] (Ἑκατόμπεδος; Hekatómpedos). Probably a c. 32 m wide street in Syracusae near the Hexapylon gate (Plut. Dion 45,5, cf. Diod. Sic. 16,20,2. Manganaro, Giacomo (Sant' Agata li Battiata)

[German version] (Ἄβολος; Ábolos). Torrent by  Catana, near which Timoleon defeated Mamercus (prior to 338 BC; Plut. Timoleon 34,1).  Sicily Manganaro, Giacomo (Sant' Agata li Battiata) Bibliography E. Manni, Geogr. fisica e politica della Sicilia antica (Cocalus Suppl. 4), 1981, 93.

[German version] (Σχέρα; Schéra). A city in western Sicily indicated by its ethnicon Σχερῖνοι/ Scherínoi in the 5th decree of the people's assembly of Entella (Z. 21, cf.  [2]) together with other cities that donated wheat and barley to the Synoikistoi ( Synoikismós ) of Entella. S. was partially destroyed by the Carthaginians in the first of the Punic Wars. Manganaro, Giacomo (Sant' Agata li Battiata) Bibliography 1 G. Manganaro, Metoikismos. Metaphora di poleis à Sicilia, in: ASNP 20, 1990, 391-408, esp. 400, n. 41 2 G. Nenci, I decreti di Entella I-V, in: ASNP 21, 1991, 137…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Sicily (Ἕρβιτα; Hérbita, Ἑρβίτα; Herbíta). Landlocked Siculian town. Archonides I of H. was a co-founder of Cale Acte (Diod. Sic. 12,8,2; 447/6 BC); Archonides II founded Halaesa after a fight and reconciliation with Dionysius I in 403 BC (Diod. Sic. 14,15,1; 14,16,1-4; 14,78,7). Other records: Cic. Verr. passim; decree of Entella (SEG 30, 1117); coins from M. Alburchia near Gangi [1]. Manganaro, Giacomo (Sant' Agata li Battiata) Bibliography 1 L. Dubois, Inscriptions grecques dialectales de Sicile, 1989, 25…

[German version] (Ἁλικύαι; Halikýai). Town of the  Elymi between Lilybaeum and  Entella [1. 168-171] in the Carthaginian sphere of influence. Allied with Athens during the Peloponnesian War (Thuc. 7,32,1; IG I2, 20), in 278/7 conquered by Pyrrhus, in 263 by the Romans (Diod. Sic. 22,10,2; 23,5). Cicero counted the Halicyenses among the civitates immunes ac liberae (Cic. Verr. 3,13; 91; 5,15), Pliny among the stipendiarii (Plin. HN 91). Manganaro, Giacomo (Sant' Agata li Battiata) Bibliography 1 BTCGI 3. G. Bejor, Città di Sicilia, in: ASNP 12/3, 1982, 838f. G. Manganaro, La Sici…

[German version] (Ἵπανα; Hípana). Small Siculan town (Pol. 1,24,8-13; Diod. Sic.23,9, manuscript Sittanan), mentioned in connection with the battles of the first Punic war in 261-258 BC. Steph. Byz. (s.v. Ἵ.) describes H. as a ‘town in the entourage of Carthage’ (πόλις περὶ Καρχηδόνα; pólis perì Karchēdóna). It was conquered with difficulty by the Romans in 258 BC. Its location on the Monte dei Cavalli near modern Prizzi is ensured by bronze coins with a bull (reverse) and legend ΙΠΑ (truncated), which were reminted using Punic models. Further finds: silver lítrai after an Agrigentin…

[German version] Settlement in the Monti Nebrodi on Sicily, 1139 m above sea level, modern Capizzi (Cic. Verr. 3,4,103; Ptol. 3,4,7: Capitina civitas). Possibly to be added to the list of theorodokoi from Delphi (4,112); CIL X 2, 7462. Manganaro, Giacomo (Sant' Agata li Battiata) Bibliography R. C. Wilson, Sicily under the Roman Empire, 1990, 149 s.v. Capizzi, BTCGI 4, 1985, 400-402 G. Manganaro, Alla ricerca di poleis mikrai della Sicilia centro-orientale, in: Orbis Terrarum 2, 1996, 136 n. 47.

[German version] Town in Sicily (ILS 1188; 2nd cent. AD); identified either with Chalae/Chalis (in Gela, It. Ant. 95,6) [1] or with a vicus near Halicyae[2]. Manganaro, Giacomo (Sant' Agata li Battiata) Bibliography 1 G. Alföldy, Die Legionslegaten röm. Rheinarmeen, 1967, 61f. 2 G. Manganaro, La Sicilia da Sesto Pompeo a Diocleziano, ANRW II 1.1, 78 n. 429  R. J. A. Wilson, Sicily under the Roman Empire, 1990, 385 no. 141.

[German version] (Ἀναπος; Ánapos) River in  Sicily, rising from Monte Lauro near  Acrae and flows into the harbour of  Syracusae. Its delta is swampy and caused disease amongst besieging armies. According to myth, the river god was the lover of the nymph of the stream Cyane, which flows into the A. (Ov. Met. 5,409 ff.). He was venerated in the form of an ephebic statue ( Ephebia) (Ael. VH 2,33).  Dionysius I built gymnasia along the river (Diod. Sic. 15,13,5). Manganaro, Giacomo (Sant' Agata li Battiata) Bibliography E. Manni, Geografia fisica e politica della Sicilia antica (Ko…

[German version] (Ἀβάκαινον; Abákainon). Town of the Siculi on a steep hillside near the modern Tripi, c. 10 km south-east of the city of Tyndaris to which, at its foundation in 396 BC, Dionysius I added a large amount of A.'s territory (Diod. Sic. 14,78,5). Listed among the theorodokoi in  Delphi (beginning of 2nd cent. BC; IG XIV 382 a-d; [3. 420; 431]). Continued to exist into late antiquity. Manganaro, Giacomo (Sant' Agata li Battiata) Bibliography 1 A. Bertino, Atti IV del Convegno di Numismatica Napoli, 1973, 105 ff. 2 R. Calciati (ed.), Corpus Nummorum Siculorum 1, 1983, 73-75 3 …