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Paestum

(1,940 words)

Author(s): Höcker, Christoph (Kissing)
[English version] The polis of Poseidonia, founded in the late 7th cent. BC by colonists from Sybaris, was transformed into a Roman veterans colony named Paestum ( P.) in 274/3 BC, with profound consequences for its urban profile and the social composition of its populace. Early in the Roman Imperial period, it began to fall increasingly into decline, firstly because of the new north-south major travel routes which now bypassed it, and secondly because the plain to the south of Salerno, already ment…

Paestum

(6 words)

see Poseidonia, Paistos, Paestum

Paestum

(1,703 words)

Author(s): Höcker, Christoph
[English version] Die im späten 7. Jh. v. Chr. von Kolonisten aus Sybaris gegründete Polis …

Paestum

(4 words)

s. Poseidonia

Poseidonia, Paistos, Paestum

(1,150 words)

Author(s): Muggia, Anna (Pavia) | Lesky, Michael (Tübingen)
This item can be found on the following maps: Social Wars | Socii (Roman confederation) | Theatre | | Coloniae | Coloniae | Etrusci, Etruria | Italy, languages | Colonization | Regio, regiones (Ποσειδωνία/ Poseidōnía: Aristot. Mir. 839a 30; Παιστός/ Paistós: Str. 5,4,13; Ποσειδωνιάς/ Poseidōniás: Scymn. 248; 'Oscan' Παῖστον/ Paîston: Ptol. 3,1,8; Posidonia: Liv. Per. 14; Plin. HN. 3,71; Latin Paestum: Plin. loc. cit.; Pestum: Tab. Peut. 6,5). [German version] I. History Town in Lucania (Aristot. loc. cit.) on the south coast of the Gulf of Salerno (Str. loc. cit.: Π…

Poseidonia, Paistos, Paestum

(1,009 words)

Author(s): Muggia, Anna (Pavia) | Lesky, Michael (Tübingen)
Dieser Ort ist auf folgenden Karten verzeichnet: Bundesgenossenkriege | Bundesgenossensystem | Coloniae | Coloniae | Etrusci, Etruria | Italien, Sprachen | Kolonisation | Regio, regiones | Theater | Straßen (Ποσειδωνία: Aristot. mir. 839a 30; Παιστός: Strab. 5,4,13; Ποσειδωνιάς: Skymn. 248; “oskisch” Παῖστον: Ptol. 3,1,8; Posidonia: Liv. per. 14; Plin. nat. 3,71; lat. Paestum: Plin. l.c.; Pestum: Tab. Peut. 6,5). [English version] I. Geschichte Stadt in Lucania (Aristot. l.c.) an der Südküste des Golfo di Salern…

Python

(1,161 words)

Author(s): Junk, Tim (Kiel) | Zimmermann, Bernhard (Freiburg) | Engels, Johannes (Cologne) | Schmitt, Tassilo (Bielefeld) | Hurschmann, Rolf (Hamburg) | Et al.
(Πύθων/ Pýthōn). [German version] [1] Dragon killed by Apollo near Delphi An enormous dragon killed by Apollo near Delphi with his arrows. The oldest version of the story is offered by H. Hom. 3,300-374: Apollo overcomes a female dragon who perpetrates her mischief in the vicinity of Delphi and into whose care Hera had given her son Typhon (Typhoeus, Typhon). The town and the god receive the nickname Pythṓ (cf. also the name of the female seer at Delphi, Pythía [1]) from its decaying (πύθεσθαι/ pýthesthai) corpse. According to Eur. IT 1245-1252, the dragon is male and guards the…

Heraion

(35 words)

Author(s): Höcker, Christoph (Kissing)
[German version] (Ἥραιον; Hḗraion). General term for sanctuaries of the goddess  Hera; more important Heraia are found, among others, in  Argos,  Olympia,  Paestum, Perachora and on the island of  Samos. Höcker, Christoph (Kissing)

Hypogaeum

(290 words)

Author(s): Höcker, Christoph (Kissing)
[German version] Collective term for underground architecture. In modern terms hypogaeum is mainly a part of  funerary architecture, in which case hypogaeum refers to architecture below the earth's surface and not that which is built above ground and then covered with earth in the sense of the tumulus with a tomb chamber inside; moreover heroa, which are closely related to tombs in character (e.g. that of  Calydon) as well as structures for special cult facilities (e.g. the nekromanteion of  Ephyr…

Calenian Pottery

(144 words)

Author(s): Hurschmann, Rolf (Hamburg)
[German version] Generic term for lower Italian black-glazed pottery ( Relief ware), evident from the second half of the 4th cent. to the 2nd cent. BC. The term Calenian Pottery (CP) (askoi, bowls, omphalos phialae, gutti) is commonly used for this group of vessels, yet they were undoubtedly also produced in other regions (Paestum, Sicily, Tarentum). Particularly well-known are bowls with medallions, worked in a medium relief (‘Arethusa bowls’); their origin from Cales (Calenus) or rather Campania…

Sescuncia

(126 words)

Author(s): Schulzki, Heinz-Joachim (Mannheim)
[German version] (also sescunx; sesqui unciae = 1 1/2 unciae ). Roman unit for 1/8 of a larger whole. As a weight it equals 1/8 of a libra [1] = 40.93 gr. (value mark I-L; AE 1968, 258), as a length, 1/8 of a pes = 37 mm, as an area, 1/8 of a iugerum = 315 m2. In the eastern Mediterranean the sescuncia as a weight was also equal to 12 Attic drachmai (value mark I-B). In coinage, the  sescuncia corresponds to 1/8 of an as , later also 1/8 of a denarius . As a coin the sescuncia is found in Venusia (SNG Munich, 1970, 550) and in Paestum (SNG Copenhagen, 1969, 1346). Schulzki, Heinz-Joachim (Mannheim) Bibliog…

Quartuncia standard

(184 words)

Author(s): Klose, Dietrich (Munich)
[German version] Lowest fractional level of Roman bronze coinage, with an as of just 1/4 ounce (Uncia) = c. 6.8 g, first used in the middle of the 1st cent. BC in the bronze coins of the quaestors in Sicily, as well as in Paestum and Regium and elsewhere. However, these fractions need not always have been official. The heavy brass coinage of the fleet prefects of Marcus Antonius [I 9] can only loosely be connected to the QS [1. 86 f.; 3. 88, n. 114]. The QS can also be assumed for some local coinage in the Greek …

Heraion

(114 words)

Author(s): Höcker, Christoph (Kissing) | Lienau, Cay (Münster) | Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart)
(Ἥραιον). [English version] [1] allg. Hera-Heiligtum Allg. Begriff für Heiligtümer der Göttin Hera; bedeutendere Heraia finden sich u.a. in Argos, Olympia, Paestum, Perachora und auf der Insel Samos. Höcker, Christoph (Kissing) [English version] [2] Kap gegenüber von Korinthos Das äußerste Kap (h. Kap Melangavir) der von den Ausläufern der Geraneia gebildeten Halbinsel gegenüber von Korinthos mit Siedlung, Kastell und Heiligtum der Hera Akraia und Limenia (reiche Funde vom 9. Jh. v.Chr. an) an einer kleinen Hafenbucht der Südseite d…

Sescuncia

(112 words)

Author(s): Schulzki, Heinz-Joachim
[English version] (auch sescunx; sesqui unciae = 1 1/2 unciae ). Röm. Maßeinheit zu 1/8 eines größeren Ganzen. Als Gewichtsstück entspricht die s. 1/8 der libra [1] = 40,93 g (Wertzeichen I-L; AE 1968, 258), als Längenmaß 1/8 des pes = 3,7 cm, als Flächenmaß 1/8 des iugerum = 315 m2. Im östl. Mittelmeerraum war die s. als Gewichtsstück auch gleichwertig mit 12 attischen Drachmen (Wertzeichen I-B). Im Geldwesen entspricht die s. 1/8 des as , später auch 1/8 des denarius . Als Mz. finden sich s. in Venusia (SNG München, 1970, 550) und in Paestum (SNG Kopenhagen, 1969, 1346). Schulzki, Heinz-…

Calener Vasen

(132 words)

Author(s): Hurschmann, Rolf (Hamburg)
[English version] Sammelbegriff für unterital. Schwarzfirnisware (Reliefkeramik), geläufig von der 2. H. des 4.Jh. bis ins 2.Jh. v.Chr. Die Bezeichnung C.V. (Askoi, Schalen, Omphalosphialen, Gutti) hat sich für diese Gefäßgruppe eingebürgert, doch ist sicher, daß sie auch in anderen Regionen (Paestum, Sizilien, Tarent) produziert wurde. Bekannt sind v.a. Schalen mit Medaillons in mittelhohem Relief (“Arethusa-Schalen”), deren Herkunft durch Formschalen und Werkstattsignaturen aus Cales (Calenos) b…

Paestan ware

(394 words)

Author(s): Hurschmann, Rolf (Hamburg)
[German version] PW first developed in around 360 BC when immigrant artists from Sicily founded a new workshop in the southern Italian city of Paestum (Poseidonia), the leading masters of which were the vase painters Asteas and Python. Both are the only vase painters in southern Italy whose signatures are known on vases. The Paestan vase painters favoured bell craters, neck amphorae, hydrias, lebetes gamikoi (nuptial cauldrons depicting mostly wedding but also funeral scenes), lekanides (cosmetic/trinket containers), lekythoi (one-handled flasks for perfumed oil) and jug…

Hypogäum

(261 words)

Author(s): Höcker, Christoph (Kissing)
[English version] Sammelbezeichnung für unterirdisch angelegte Architekturen. Das H. bildet im mod. Verständnis überwiegend einen Teilbereich der Grabbauten, wobei mit H. eine unter das Erdniveau gesetzte Architektur gemeint ist und nicht eine mit Erdreich überschüttete, zunächst oberirdisch erbaute im Sinne des Tumulus mit einer Grabkammer darin; ferner können (mit einem Grab wesensmäßig eng verwandte) Heroa (z.B. dasjenige von Kalydon) sowie Baulichkeiten für besondere Ku…

Paestanische Vasen

(326 words)

Author(s): Hurschmann, Rolf (Hamburg)
[English version] Die P.V. entstanden erst in den Jahren um 360 v.Chr.; einige aus Sizilien eingewanderte Künstler gründeten im unterital. Paestum (Poseidonia) eine neue Werkstatt, die bes. in den Vasenmalern Asteas und Python ihre führenden Meister hatte; beide sind zudem die einzigen Vasenmaler Unteritaliens, von denen Signaturen auf Vasen bekannt sind. Die P.V.-Maler bevorzugten als Bildträger Glockenkratere, Halsamphoren, Hydrien, Lebetes Gamikoi, Lekaniden, Lekytho…

Perfume

(503 words)

From the Mycenaean period, perfumes played an important role in the economy of the Aegean. Linear B tablets, mainly from Knossos and Pylos, mention the work of perfumers, some of whom are known by name. Perfume produced in the Mycenaean palaces may have been exported [1]. In Greek and Roman antiquity, perfumes served a variety of purposes. They were used as cosmetics by both women and men. Men anointed their heads at symposia to avoid drunkenness and perfumed their body after visiting the gymnasia. Perfumes were used in rituals surrounding birth, marriage, and death, and in some cult worships. Perfuming of wines and foods was also common. These themes regularly appear on classical vase paintings. Perfumes also played an important role in medicine, on their own or as a vehicle for drugs. Natural philosophers an…
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