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[English version] The polis of Poseidonia, founded in the late 7th cent. BC by colonists from Sybaris, was transformed into a Roman veterans colony named Paestum ( P.) in 274/3 BC, with profound consequences for its urban profile and the social composition of its populace. Early in the Roman Imperial period, it began to fall increasingly into decline, firstly because of the new north-south major travel routes which now bypassed it, and secondly because the plain to the south of Salerno, already ment…

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s. Poseidonia

This item can be found on the following maps: Social Wars | Socii (Roman confederation) | Theatre | | Coloniae | Coloniae | Etrusci, Etruria | Italy, languages | Colonization | Regio, regiones (Ποσειδωνία/ Poseidōnía: Aristot. Mir. 839a 30; Παιστός/ Paistós: Str. 5,4,13; Ποσειδωνιάς/ Poseidōniás: Scymn. 248; 'Oscan' Παῖστον/ Paîston: Ptol. 3,1,8; Posidonia: Liv. Per. 14; Plin. HN. 3,71; Latin Paestum: Plin. loc. cit.; Pestum: Tab. Peut. 6,5). [German version] I. History Town in Lucania (Aristot. loc. cit.) on the south coast of the Gulf of Salerno (S…

Dieser Ort ist auf folgenden Karten verzeichnet: Bundesgenossenkriege | Bundesgenossensystem | Coloniae | Coloniae | Etrusci, Etruria | Italien, Sprachen | Kolonisation | Regio, regiones | Theater | Straßen (Ποσειδωνία: Aristot. mir. 839a 30; Παιστός: Strab. 5,4,13; Ποσειδωνιάς: Skymn. 248; “oskisch” Παῖστον: Ptol. 3,1,8; Posidonia: Liv. per. 14; Plin. nat. 3,71; lat. Paestum: Plin. l.c.; Pestum: Tab. Peut. 6,5). [English version] I. Geschichte Stadt in Lucania (Aristot. l.c.) an der Südküste des Golfo di Salerno (Strab. l.c.: Ποσειδωνιάτης κόλπος, Παιστανὸ…

(Πύθων/ Pýthōn). [German version] [1] Dragon killed by Apollo near Delphi An enormous dragon killed by Apollo near Delphi with his arrows. The oldest version of the story is offered by H. Hom. 3,300-374: Apollo overcomes a female dragon who perpetrates her mischief in the vicinity of Delphi and into whose care Hera had given her son Typhon (Typhoeus, Typhon). The town and the god receive the nickname Pythṓ (cf. also the name of the female seer at Delphi, Pythía [1]) from its decaying (πύθεσθαι/ pýthesthai) corpse. According to Eur. IT 1245-1252, the dragon is male and guards the…

(Πύθων). …

[German version] (Ἥραιον; Hḗraion). General term for sanctuaries of the goddess  Hera; more important Heraia are found, among others, in  Argos,  Olympia,  Paestum, Perachora and on the island of  Samos. Höcker, Christoph (Kissing)

[German version] Collective term for underground architecture. In modern terms hypogaeum is mainly a part of  funerary architecture, in which case hypogaeum refers to architecture below the earth's surface and not that which is built above ground and then covered with earth in the sense of the tumulus with a tomb chamber inside; moreover heroa, which are closely related to tombs in character (e.g. that of  Calydon) as well as structures for special cult facilities (e.g. the nekromanteion of  Ephyr…

[German version] Generic term for lower Italian black-glazed pottery ( Relief ware), evident from the second half of the 4th cent. to the 2nd cent. BC. The term Calenian Pottery (CP) (askoi, bowls, omphalos phialae, gutti) is commonly used for this group of vessels, yet they were undoubtedly also produced in other regions (Paestum, Sicily, Tarentum). Particularly well-known are bowls with medallions, worked in a medium relief (‘Arethusa bowls’); their origin from Cales (Calenus) or rather Campania…

[German version] (also sescunx; sesqui unciae = 1 1/2 unciae ). Roman unit for 1/8 of a larger whole. As a weight it equals 1/8 of a libra [1] = 40.93 gr. (value mark I-L; AE 1968, 258), as a length, 1/8 of a pes = 37 mm, as an area, 1/8 of a iugerum = 315 m2. In the eastern Mediterranean the sescuncia as a weight was also equal to 12 Attic drachmai (value mark I-B). In coinage, the  sescuncia corresponds to 1/8 of an as , later also 1/8 of a denarius . As a coin the sescuncia is found in Venusia (SNG Munich, 1970, 550) and in Paestum (SNG Copenhagen, 1969, 1346). Schulzki, Heinz-Joachim (Mannheim) Bibliography 1 F. Hultsch, Griechische und römisc…

[German version] Lowest fractional level of Roman bronze coinage, with an as of just 1/4 ounce (Uncia) = c. 6.8 g, first used in the middle of the 1st cent. BC in the bronze coins of the quaestors in Sicily, as well as in Paestum and Regium and elsewhere. However, these fractions…

(Ἥραιον). [English version] [1] allg. Hera-Heiligtum Allg. Begriff für Heiligtümer der Göttin Hera; bedeutendere Heraia finden sich u.a. in Argos, Olympia, Paestum, Perachora und auf der Insel Samos.…

[English version] (auch sescunx; sesqui unciae = 1 1/2 unciae ). Röm. Maßeinheit zu 1/8 eines größeren Ganzen. Als Gewichtsstück entspricht die s. 1/8 der libra [1] = 40,93 g (Wertzeichen I-L; AE 1968, 258), als Längenmaß 1/8 des pes = 3,7 cm, als Flächenmaß …

[English version] Sammelbegriff für unterital. Schwarzfirnisware (Reliefkeramik), geläufig von der 2. H. des 4.Jh. bis ins 2.Jh. v.Chr. Die Bezeichnung C.V. (Askoi, Schalen, Omphalosphialen, Gutti) hat sich für diese Gefäßgruppe ein…

[German version] PW first developed in around 360 BC when immigrant artists from Sicily founded a new workshop in the southern Italian city of Paestum (Poseidonia), the leading masters of which were the vase painters Asteas and Python. Both are the only vase painters in southern Italy whose signatures are known on vases. The Paestan vase painters favoured bell craters, neck amphorae, hydrias, lebetes gamikoi (nuptial cauldrons depicting mostly wedding but also funeral scenes), lekanides (cosmetic/trinket containers), lekythoi (one-handled flasks for perfumed oil) and jug…

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[English version] Die P.V. entstanden erst in den Jahren um 360 v.Chr.; einige aus Sizilien eingewanderte Künstler gründeten im unterital. Paestum (Poseidonia) eine neue Werkstatt, die bes. in den Vasenmalern Asteas und Python ihre führenden Meister hatte; beide sind zudem die einzigen Vasenmaler Unteritaliens, von denen Signaturen auf Vasen bekannt sind. Die P.V.-Maler bevorzugten als Bildträger Glockenkratere, Halsamphoren, Hydrien, Lebetes Gamikoi, Lekaniden, Lekythoi und Kannen (Gefäße, Gefäßf…

From the Mycenaean period, perfumes played an important role in the economy of the Aegean. Linear B tablets, mainly from Knossos and Pylos, mention the work of perfumers, some of whom are known by name. Perfume produced in the Mycenaean palaces may have been exported [1]. …